Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming a cornerstone of modern transportation, and maintaining proper charging habits is crucial to ensure their performance and longevity. Here are the top 10 charging habits to adopt for keeping your EV in optimal condition:

1. Avoid Overcharging

Overcharging your EV battery to 100% daily can degrade the cells over time. Lithium-ion batteries, which are common in EVs, perform best when kept within a moderate charge range. Charging to 100% is only necessary for long trips where you need the maximum range. For daily commuting, aim for an 80-90% charge. Many EVs have software features that allow you to set a charging limit, making it easier to avoid overcharging.

When a battery remains at 100% charge for extended periods, it can experience increased stress and reduced lifespan due to higher internal voltage. By keeping your battery at a more moderate charge level, you ensure it operates efficiently and lasts longer.

2. Prevent Deep Discharges

Letting the battery drain completely to 0% puts unnecessary strain on it. EV batteries are designed to handle a certain number of charge cycles, and deep discharges can accelerate the degradation process. Recharge when the charge level drops to around 20-30%. This “sweet spot” helps preserve the battery’s health while still allowing you to utilize a reasonable portion of the available capacity.

Most modern EVs have built-in safeguards to prevent complete battery depletion, but it’s still a good habit to charge before the battery gets too low. This habit not only extends battery life but also ensures you’re never caught with insufficient range for your trips.

3. Use Level 2 Chargers for Daily Charging

Level 2 chargers provide an ideal balance between charging speed and battery care. These chargers typically operate at 240 volts and are much faster than standard Level 1 chargers, making them well-suited for home use. Unlike fast chargers, Level 2 chargers don’t generate as much heat, which can be harmful to the battery over time.

Installing a Level 2 charger at home is a worthwhile investment for EV owners who want to charge their vehicles regularly. It allows you to recharge overnight and wake up with a battery ready for the day ahead. Be sure to have your charger installed by a certified electrician to ensure safety and compliance with local codes.

4. Limit Fast Charging

Fast charging (DC fast chargers) is convenient but can generate heat that stresses the battery. While fast chargers are perfect for road trips or emergencies, frequent use can lead to accelerated battery wear. DC fast charging works by delivering high-power currents directly to the battery, which causes the cells to heat up more than with slower charging methods.

To minimize the impact of fast charging, try to use it sparingly and rely on Level 2 chargers for your regular needs. If you do need to fast charge, it’s a good idea to stop charging once you’ve reached 80%, as the charging rate slows significantly beyond this point and puts additional stress on the battery.

5. Set Charging Schedules

Many EVs allow you to schedule charging times, which can be particularly useful for optimizing both battery health and electricity costs. Charging during off-peak hours not only saves money but also reduces strain on the grid. Some EVs also let you set a target charge level, ensuring the battery doesn’t exceed the desired percentage.

By scheduling your charging sessions, you can avoid the habit of plugging in your EV at every opportunity, which can lead to unnecessary battery cycles. This practice also helps you align charging with your daily routine, so your vehicle is ready when you need it without overcharging.

6. Monitor Charging Temperatures

Extreme heat or cold during charging can negatively affect battery health. High temperatures can cause the battery to degrade faster, while cold temperatures reduce charging efficiency. Whenever possible, charge your EV in a temperature-controlled environment, such as a garage.

If charging in extreme conditions is unavoidable, precondition your battery before starting the charging process. Many EVs offer preconditioning features that allow you to warm or cool the battery to an optimal temperature range, improving efficiency and reducing stress on the cells.

7. Unplug When Charged

Leaving your EV plugged in after it’s fully charged can lead to overcharging and reduce battery lifespan, even if the vehicle has mechanisms to stop charging. This is because keeping the battery at full charge for extended periods can increase stress on the cells.

To avoid this, disconnect your EV from the charger once it reaches the desired charge level. If you’re charging overnight, consider using a timer or your vehicle’s charging settings to automatically stop charging before the battery reaches 100%.

8. Use Manufacturer-Recommended Equipment

Always use chargers and adapters approved by your EV’s manufacturer. These devices are specifically designed to work with your vehicle’s charging system, ensuring compatibility and safety. Using third-party equipment not recommended by the manufacturer can result in slower charging, reduced efficiency, or even damage to the battery.

When installing a home charger, consult your vehicle’s user manual or contact the manufacturer for recommendations. Certified equipment often comes with warranties and support, giving you peace of mind.

9. Charge Consistently, Not Constantly

Frequent small charges are better than letting the battery discharge deeply and then fully recharging. This habit reduces wear on the battery cells and helps maintain a stable charge cycle. Lithium-ion batteries perform best when kept within a moderate range, avoiding the extremes of full discharge or overcharging.

To adopt consistent charging habits, consider charging your EV daily or every other day, depending on your driving needs. This approach ensures your battery stays in a healthy range and reduces the risk of running out of charge unexpectedly.

10. Monitor and Update Software

EV manufacturers often release software updates that enhance charging efficiency and overall battery performance. These updates can include improvements to battery management systems, charging algorithms, and energy recovery features. Keeping your EV’s software up to date ensures you’re benefiting from the latest advancements and best practices.

To check for updates, refer to your vehicle’s user manual or contact the manufacturer. Many EVs also notify owners of available updates through their infotainment systems or mobile apps. Regularly updating your software is a simple yet effective way to optimize your EV’s charging and overall performance.

By following these charging habits, you can significantly extend your EV battery’s lifespan, maintain optimal performance, and enjoy a reliable driving experience for years to come.